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Esquiline Venus
The Esquiline Venus is a smaller-than-life-size Roman nude marble sculpture of a female in a sandal and headdress.
==History==
It was found in 1874 in Piazza Dante on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, probably part of the site of the Horti Lamiani,〔"The identification is attractive, but not certain, according to Lawrence Richardson, ''A new Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome,'' ''s.v.'' "Horti Lamiani".〕 one of the , rich archaeological sources of classical sculpture. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the thirteen Medici ''Niobids'', a variant of the ''Laocoön and his Sons'', the bust of Commodus with the attributes of Hercules, and the ''Discobolus'' had already been found here. After 1870 intensive building work was ongoing at the site to make Rome ready as Italy's capital, following the Risorgimento.〔The Boxer of Quirinal was discovered in similar circumstances in 1885.〕 The newly found sculpture soon passed into the collection of the Capitoline Museums,〔Accession number: inv. MC1141〕 where it now resides, and is usually on display at its Museo Centrale Montemartini.〔(Musei Capitolini: Museo Montemartini )〕
In style the Esquiline Venus is an example of the Pasitelean "eclectic" Neo-Attic school, combining elements from a variety of other previous schools - a Praxitelean idea of the nude female form; a face, muscular torso, and small high breasts in the fifth-century BC severe style; and pressed-together thighs typical of Hellenistic sculptures.〔Robinson: "the Esquiline Venus is an anomalous work, for while the body is modelled with a voluptuousness that almost oversteps the line dividing the nude from the naked, the head is treated with archaic severity, in the style of the first half of the fifth century", quoted in Edmund von Mach, ''A Handbook of Greek and Roman Sculpture'' 1905, plate 318 and p 348f.〕 Its arms must have broken off when the statue fell after the imperial park in which it stood fell into neglect after antiquity. They have been frequently restored in paintings (see below), but never in reality.
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